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                                                    Bold, eager, untamed.
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                    Architecture Emulation ▪ Red-team ▪ Cryptographer ▪ Evasion engineer ▪ Offensive R&D


                                           PUBLISHED RESEARCH
              ▪               ┌─ Phrack Magazine – Issue 72 draft                                      .-""""-
             ▪▪▪              └─> Resource‑constrained, Evasive C payloads                           F    .-'  
              ▪                                                                                    F    J  
                              ┌─ Paged Out! Institute – Vol. 7                                    F    J      
                              └─> Pre-main code execution via GCC constructors                   I    I
                              └─> iOS System Anti-Tampering: Signed System Volume               I     I  
                                                                                                 L    `. 
                              ┌─ Futuristic Gadgets Laboratory                                    L     `-._, 
                              └─> Pandragon: A marvel of engineering, built for evasion.            `-.__.-'

                                             ___________________
                                            / CURRENT RESEARCH /
                                    ______ /==================/ ___________                    _________________________
                                    |        EFI implants in C            |                    |        LANGUAGES      |
        -^^,--,~                    | Airgapped network-aware implant R&D |                    |_______________________|
                                    |  NVRAM-based persistence mechanisms | ================== | C, Assembly, Rust, Go,|
                                    |      CPU engineering & development  | <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3  |   .NET, Java, Python  |
                                    |    LLVM Obfuscation for evasion     | ================== |_______________________|
                                    ———————————————————————————————————————
                                                                              |\      _,,,---,,_
                                                                        ZZZzz /,`.-'`'    -.  ;-;;,_
                                                                             |,4-  ) )-,_. ,\ (  `'-'
                                                                            '---''(_/--'  `-'\_)



          ╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
          ║                                           SELECTED PROJECTS                                        ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ DylibWalk  │   C    │ Anti-static analysis PoC for runtime function retrieval for iOS malware      ║
          ║            │  ASM   │                                                                              ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ nvwrite    │   C    │ Cross-platform NVRAM variables access library for embedded-like systems      ║
          ║————————————┼————————┼——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————║
          ║ Sevastopol │   C    │ User-mode RISC-V emulator and virtual CPU implementation for Windows & Linux.║
          ║————————————┼————————┼——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————║
          ║ Pandragon  │   C    │ Freestanding x86_64 C2 implant: indirect syscalls, VEH/HWBP evasion,         ║
          ║            │        │ XChaCha20-Poly1305, COFF/BOF execution, Ekko sleep obfuscation.              ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Albedo     │ C++17  │ LLVM 18 obfuscation framework: MBA substitution, Control-Flow Flattening,    ║
          ║            │        │ Bogus CF, Z3 semantic equivalence verification, SASM runtime integrity.      ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Sagrada    │  C++   │ Windows shellcode loader: XChaCha20, LZ4, PEB walking, stack spoofing.       ║
          ║————————————┼————————┼——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————║
          ║ Berlin     │  C++   │ Cross-platform CPU-based virtual machine detection framework                 ║
          ╚════════════╧════════╧══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

                   ____________________________________________________________________________________   
                   |                                |     DOMAINS     |                               | 
                   ____________________________________________________________________________________
                   |         Cryptanalysis • Reverse Engineering • Exploitation • Vuln research       | 
                   |      Offensive development • Algorithm Design • Graphical Design • Embedded dev  |
                   |==================================================================================|

                                      
                /========================================================================================\
              < |               “Whatever I've done, I did it for love. I did it for fun."                | >
                \========================================================================================/

                twitter: myserialexps            website: serexp.lain.la               email: website's contact page

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⠠⡐⢠⠂⠥⠒⡌⠰⡈⢆⡑⢢⠘⡐⢢⠑⢢⠁⠦⢡⢂⠣⢌⠒⡄⢃⠆⡱⢌⠒⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠠⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⢘⡐⢢⢡⠒⡌⠒⠤⢃⠜⡰⢈⠔⢢⠑⢢⠑⡌⠒⡌⠰⢌⠒⡰⢈⠒⢌⠢⡑⢢⠁⠎⠤⡑⢂⠆⡑⠢⢌
⠠⠑⣂⢉⠒⡥⠘⡡⢑⠢⡘⠤⡉⠔⡡⠊⡅⠚⡌⠢⠜⡰⢈⡒⠌⡆⡍⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⡐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠈⠐⠀⠄⠂⠀⠂⠁⢀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠢⢡⢊⠔⣉⠦⡁⢎⠰⡉⠆⡑⢊⠔⢃⠌⡱⢈⠣⡘⢄⠃⡡⠋⡄⢓⡈⢆⡉⠎⡰⢉⠆⡘⠡⢃⠌
⠠⠓⡄⢊⠔⢢⠑⡐⠣⡑⢌⠢⠱⡘⢄⠓⡌⠱⢠⡉⠆⡅⢣⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠠⠀⠠⠀⠁⠌⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⡀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠂⠁⡀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⡄⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⠱⡈⠜⡐⣊⠔⡡⢒⠡⢊⠔⡡⠓⡈⠦⠘⠤⡘⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡃⢎⡘
⠐⡅⢊⠤⡉⢆⠱⣈⠱⡈⢆⠡⡃⠜⡠⢃⠌⣑⠢⢌⡱⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠀⠀⡐⠈⢀⠠⠀⢀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⢁⠀⠂⡀⠀⢀⠐⠠⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠊⠴⡁⢎⠰⢡⠘⢢⠑⡄⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡨⢐⠡⠜⡰⠉⢆⡑⠢⡑⣈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡘
⠐⡌⢂⠒⣡⠊⡔⢠⠃⡜⢠⠃⡜⢠⠱⣈⠒⡌⢒⠢⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠡⢀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠄⠀⢀⠀⠂⠈⠀⠡⠀⠐⠠⠀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠂⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠈⠐⠀⠡⢀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡁⢎⡘⠤⡉⢆⠡⡘⠤⢃⠔⡡⢎⠰⢉⠢⠱⣀⠋⠤⢌⠱⡐⠄⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰
⠐⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⡘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⡈⠄⠐⠠⠀⢀⠀⠄⠂⡀⠀⠄⠈⡀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⢁⠀⠁⠠⠈⠀⠀⡁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠂⡀⠂⠌⡀⠁⠀⠈⠢⡘⠤⡑⢌⠢⠑⡌⢢⠘⡐⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⠤⣉⠒⡌⢢⠡⡉⢆⠱⡐⢌⠱
⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢔⡈⢆⠱⣈⢂⠆⡱⢈⢆⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⠀⠌⠐⡀⠀⠐⢀⠀⠂⠁⠄⠈⠀⡐⠀⠂⠈⠄⠐⠠⠀⠁⠄⡈⠠⠀⠂⢀⠠⠁⠄⠀⢈⠀⠀⡀⠠⢀⠀⠄⢀⠈⠄⠀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠁⠆⢍⠢⣉⠒⡌⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢠⠃⠜⣀⠣⡘⢄⠣⡘⢠⢃
⠐⡌⠰⡁⢎⠰⡁⢆⡘⢄⠣⡐⢌⠢⡑⢌⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠌⠐⠀⠈⠐⠀⠂⠌⠀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠀⠄⠈⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠈⡀⠠⠀⠈⢀⠀⠂⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⡁⠂⠀⠘⡄⠣⢄⠣⡘⢄⠊⡔⠌⢢⠉⢆⠱⣈⠤⣉⠒⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⣊
⠂⡌⠱⡈⠆⠥⡘⠤⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠂⡀⠀⠠⠀⠂⠐⠈⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⡀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠄⠀⠄⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⡁⠠⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠨⡑⢌⢂⠱⣈⠒⡌⡘⠤⣉⢂⠒⡄⡒⢄⠣⡘⠄⢣⠘⡄⠣⠔⢢
⠐⡨⠑⡌⣘⠢⡑⢢⠑⣈⠆⡱⢈⠦⡁⠀⠀⠄⠠⠐⠀⠀⠂⠀⡐⠀⠈⠀⠀⡁⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠌⠠⠀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠂⠐⡀⠁⠀⠀⠑⡌⢢⠑⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠐⡌⢒⡰⢁⠎⣐⠡⢊⠅⡒⢌⠱⡈⢆
⠁⢆⠱⡐⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡂⠜⣀⠣⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠂⠁⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠀⠂⡀⠄⠀⠀⠄⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠂⠠⠀⠀⡐⠠⠀⠁⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⡀⠀⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠐⡡⢂⠥⢊⢄⠣⢌⢂⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈
⢉⠢⢡⠘⣄⠊⡔⢡⠊⡜⢠⣁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⡀⠀⠐⠀⡀⠠⠀⠂⠐⠠⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣧⡟⠀⠀⢀⠀⠠⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠁⠀⠀⠂⠈⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢃⠆⡡⠘⣄⠊⡔⡈⢆⠡⢒⡈⢒⠤
⢂⡑⢢⠑⡄⡊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡡⢂⠄⠀⠀⠡⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠐⢀⠁⠄⠀⢂⠀⠄⡀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡄⠈⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⡀⠈⠀⠄⠁⡐⠈⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⢃⠜⡠⠑⡌⢢⠘⡄⠣⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢡⠘⡌⠒
⠂⡌⢢⠉⡔⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⡁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠂⠀⢀⠂⠌⠀⠀⡀⠈⠐⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠀⢠⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⡁⢀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠂⢀⠐⠈⡀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⠊⡔⢡⠃⡜⠠⢃⠌⡑⢢⠡⡘⢄⠣⠌⢢⠡⠌⢣
⠐⡌⢆⠱⣈⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⡰⠁⠀⠁⠀⠐⢀⠀⠂⠀⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠁⡀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⢀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠌⠀⠄⠀⠀⢈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢈⠱⡈⠜⡠⠃⢆⠱⡈⢆⡉⢆⠱⡘⠤
⠒⡨⢐⠢⡄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢢⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⢈⠀⡀⠀⠁⠈⠠⢈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠄⠈⢀⠐⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡎⠰⡁⢎⠰⣁⠲⡁⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰⣁⠢⡘⢄⠣⡘⡰
⢂⠱⣈⠒⡌⠱⡈⢆⡑⠢⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠂⠠⠀⠠⠐⠀⠀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⡀⠀⠀⣿⣆⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢟⡀⠀⠠⠀⠀⡀⠀⠂⠀⠂⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠀⡜⢡⠘⠤⡁⢆⠡⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⢄⠱⡈⢆⠱⢠⠑
⠄⡃⢄⠣⢌⠱⡈⠆⡌⢡⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠌⠀⠈⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢂⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣜⡄⠀⣿⣯⡄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠅⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⠀⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⠋⡔⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⠡⢊⠔⢊⠰⡁⢎⠰⠁⢎
⢄⠱⣈⠒⡌⢢⠑⡘⡄⣃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⡁⠀⢀⠀⣤⠀⠘⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣸⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣻⣿⣬⣂⡋⢁⣤⢤⢶⣶⣤⣰⣶⠀⠀⠄⢀⠐⠀⠄⠁⡀⠠⠀⠀⠌⠀⠐⡘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢃⠌⡱⢈⠜⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠍⢢
⣀⠒⡄⢣⠘⣄⢃⡒⡌⣐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠁⠀⠘⠒⠁⣀⣉⠀⢀⣀⣉⣩⣿⡟⢿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⠿⢀⡿⡹⠊⠋⠉⠁⠀⠈⠛⠄⢀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⡀⠂⠠⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡘⢄⠃⣆⠱⡈⠆⡱⢈⡌⡡
⢀⠣⠌⡄⠓⡄⣂⠒⡰⢈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢨⠄⠀⣔⣾⣿⡿⠿⠼⠆⠸⠿⣞⣱⡞⣿⣠⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠰⢫⠗⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡱⢈⡔⠡⢊⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⠌⡒⢠⢃⡘⠤⡑⢌⠰⢡
⢀⠣⡘⠠⢍⠰⣀⢃⠒⡩⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⢸⠀⠀⢸⡃⠘⢊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢉⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣷⣏⡌⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⣸⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣑⠢⣐⠡⢊⠔⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⡘⢄⠢⡘⠤⡑⢌⡑⢢
⠠⡑⢌⠱⣈⠒⡄⢣⠘⡔⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠸⠆⠀⢸⠷⠊⢁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠉⡀⢹⣷⡄⠻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡀⠁⠀⠄⢁⣴⣿⡿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠑⡄⠣⢌⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠃⡜⠠⢃⠜⡠⢑⠢⡘⠤
⢄⠱⡈⢆⢡⠊⡔⠡⢃⠜⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣇⠀⢸⠀⠘⣿⣇⠈⠆⠀⠀⢐⠀⣼⣿⣷⣄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠶⣾⡿⠿⠟⣡⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⢅⠪⡐⢅⠢⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⢌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⢌
⠄⡃⠜⡠⢂⠣⢌⠱⡈⠜⡰⢁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⢳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠿⡄⢾⣿⣦⣘⠿⣷⣤⣁⣈⣴⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢃⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⠒⡌⢢⠑⡌⢂⠅⡊⢔⠨
⠤⠑⢌⡐⠣⡘⠄⢣⠘⡌⠔⡩⠘⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⢻⣆⠈⠀⠀⣹⣡⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣉⣙⣋⣩⣥⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⡘⢢⢡⠘⡄⢣⠐⢢⠑⡈⢆⠒⢌⡑⢌⠢⡑⡈⠆⡌⠱⣈⠒
⠠⢉⠆⡌⠱⡠⢉⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢉⠔⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⣻⡇⣆⠈⠷⣜⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣊⠔⣂⠣⠘⠤⡉⢆⢡⠱⡈⠜⡠⠒⡌⠒⠤⡑⢌⡐⠣⢄⠩
⣀⠣⡘⢠⠃⡔⣉⠢⡑⢌⡘⢄⠣⡘⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⡘⠆⠈⢳⠺⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⢗⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢐⠡⢊⢄⠣⡉⢆⠱⡈⢆⠢⡑⠬⡐⡡⠌⡑⢢⠁⠆⡌⠱⣈⠱
⡀⢆⡑⢢⠑⡰⢄⠱⡈⢆⡘⢄⠣⢔⡁⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣷⣄⠈⢫⡽⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡱⢈⡒⠩⢄⠱⡈⢆⠡⡘⠤⡑⠌⢢⠑⡰⢡⠑⢢⠉⡜⢠⠃⡄⢣
⠐⡂⠜⡠⢃⠒⡌⡰⢁⠆⡸⢀⠇⢢⠄⠀⠰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠳⣄⠹⣹⢆⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⡔⠡⢌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠑⡢⢡⢉⠆⡱⢀⠣⡘⢄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢
⠡⡘⠤⠑⡌⠒⠤⡑⠌⣂⠱⡈⢎⢢⠁⢀⡱⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠑⢯⠶⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣡⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⢉⠆⡱⢈⠆⠱⡐⢌⠢⡑⠢⠌⡆⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈⠒⡄⢣⠘⡠⢃
⠐⡌⢢⢉⡔⡉⢆⠱⡈⢄⢃⠜⡠⢆⠁⢠⢂⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣵⣈⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡑⢢⠘⡄⢣⢈⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈⠱⡘⢄⠣⡑⢌⠒⡠⠑⡌⢢⠑⡄⢣
⠐⡌⢂⠦⡐⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⢨⡐⢌⠒⠤⢒⡰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢼⣢⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡀⢄⠀⢑⡂⢣⠘⠤⡈⢆⠱⡈⠔⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠜⡠⢊⠅⠣⢌⠡⢊⠔⡡
⠈⡔⢡⢂⡑⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡘⡠⢉⠜⡐⢢⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠧⢌⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠤⡑⢊⠔⢢⡘⢄⠣⢌⠱⣀⠣⡘⠰⣁⠣⣈⠱⠈⢆⠱⡈⢌⠱⡈⢆⠣⡘⠔
⠐⡌⢂⠆⡱⢈⠔⡡⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡑⢌⠢⠱⣈⠒⡰⣀⠒⠤⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡈⠐⠪⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢆⡱⢨⠘⡄⠲⣈⠒⡌⠒⡄⠣⢌⠱⠠⡑⡄⢣⠉⢆⠢⡑⢌⢂⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈
⠐⡌⢢⠘⡄⢣⢘⠰⡈⢆⠑⠢⢌⡑⢌⠒⡡⢂⡱⠐⢤⢉⠒⡌⢢⢡⠩⢌⠓⡌⢄⠣⢢⡐⠤⠠⠀⠀⢸⣚⡳⢧⡤⣌⡈⠛⠛⠿⢻⢟⠿⠿⠟⢋⣡⢴⡛⢶⠀⠀⠐⠂⠥⡉⠄⠀⠀⠀⠘⢠⠢⡑⡌⠰⢃⠄⠣⢌⠱⣈⠒⡌⢒⡡⡘⠤⡁⠎⡄⢃⠜⡠⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⢢
⢂⠌⡄⢣⠘⡄⢎⠰⡁⠎⡌⡑⠢⠌⡄⠣⠔⡃⢔⠩⡐⢊⠔⡌⣡⠢⡑⢌⠒⡌⢌⡒⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣴⢫⡗⡾⣡⢏⡷⢲⠖⡦⣴⠲⣖⣺⠹⣖⡣⣟⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠵⡁⠀⠀⠀⡘⢄⠣⡐⢌⠱⡈⢌⠣⢌⠒⡄⢣⠘⡄⢢⠑⠤⡑⢌⠰⡁⢆⠱⣈⠢⡑⢌⠚⠤
⠂⡜⢠⠃⡜⠰⢈⠆⡱⢈⠔⡨⠑⠬⡐⠱⡈⡔⣈⠒⡡⢊⠔⡨⢐⠢⡑⢌⠒⡌⠢⠜⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⣧⢻⠵⣋⢾⡱⣏⢿⡱⣎⡳⣝⢮⡻⠵⠋⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡒⡀⠀⠀⠀⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⡑⠢⡑⠢⡑⠌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⢢⠑⡌⡑⢌⢂⠒⡄⢃⠜⡠⣉⠒
⠐⡄⢣⠘⡄⠓⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠡⡉⢆⠡⢃⠴⠐⡄⢣⠐⢣⠘⡄⢃⠆⡱⢈⡒⠌⣅⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠿⣱⢧⡝⣮⢧⡻⠜⠓⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡄⠀⠀⢠⠓⡘⡄⢣⠘⠤⣈⠱⡈⣑⠨⡘⢄⠣⠘⠤⣉⠢⡑⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⡂⢎⡐⠤⣉
⠐⡌⢢⠑⡌⠱⡈⠤⠃⡜⣀⠣⣘⠠⢃⠌⡂⢇⠸⢠⠉⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⣀⠣⡘⠬⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠂⠉⠔⣈⠆⣉⠒⡄⠣⠔⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠍⡔⠄⢣⠘⠤⡑⢌⠢⡁⢆⡘⠤⡘⢰⠠
⠐⡌⢂⠱⣈⠱⣈⠒⡡⢒⠠⢃⠄⠣⢌⠢⣉⠢⣁⠣⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⡄⠓⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠔⠣⢌⡑⡊⠔⣡⠊⡔⢡⠊⠤⡙⠠⢍⠒⢌⠢⠑⡌⢢⠘⠤⡑⢢⠑
⠐⢌⠡⠒⡄⠣⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢊⠱⣈⠒⣄⠃⢆⠱⣈⠦⠱⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⠸⢠⠑⡌⢢⠉⣆⠩⡑⠬⡘⢄⠣⡑⢄⠣⡘⠤⡑⢢⢉
⠈⢆⠡⢃⠌⡑⢢⠑⡌⠡⢎⠰⡁⠎⡄⡓⠤⠙⠈⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠁⠚⠤⡑⡌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆
⢁⠊⡔⡁⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰⡉⢆⠣⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⢌⢢⡁⠇⣌⠂⡅⢊⠤⡑⢌
⠌⡒⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡌⢄⠣⠜⡠⢆⠱⣈
⠒⢌⠰⢡⠊⡔⠡⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⡑⢊⠔⢢⠑⠤
⡈⢆⡘⢂⠱⠨⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢌⡡⢊⠆⣉⠒
⠐⢢⠘⠤⡉⡕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⢅⡊⠤⣉
⢈⠢⢉⠆⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡌⠱⡠