Modernize python tooling

[salman2013]

Modernizes the Python tooling for this repo in three phases, aligning with the Open edX org standard established in openedx/sample-plugin.

Ticket: openedx/public-engineering#511
Parent ticket: openedx/public-engineering#506

Changes generated by Claude Sonnet 4.6 using the modernize-python-tooling skill, reviewed by a human.

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[irfanuddinahmad]

👋 Reviewed this against the same checklist we've been applying across the modernization effort (openedx/public-engineering#506/#511). One real pre-merge blocker and one shared issue:

1. Missing git tag for the actual latest published version. PyPI shows acid-xblock at 0.4.1, but the latest git tag is only 0.4.0 (no 0.4.1 tag exists). Once semantic-release is enabled, setuptools-scm computes the build version from the latest tag — without a matching 0.4.1 tag, the first automated release could compute a version at or below what's already published, which PyPI will reject. Recommend a maintainer push a 0.4.1 (or v0.4.1, matching whatever tag format is configured) tag at the current master HEAD before merging — same issue we hit on openedx-events in this same effort.

2. pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1 is a floating branch ref, not a pinned SHA. Same as flagged on xblock-sdk#519 — this is what caused openedx/xblocks-core's release to fail with docker: manifest unknown (https://github.com/openedx/xblocks-core/actions/runs/29327012856/job/87066591905). Worth pinning to a commit SHA. (Filed the same fix upstream against the reference implementation: openedx/sample-plugin#54.)