docs: add declarative configuration guide and example#5309
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Add an SDK documentation page covering declarative (file-based) configuration via OTEL_CONFIG_FILE and the public configuration API, plus a runnable example under docs/examples/declarative-config with a schema-1.0 YAML config.
MikeGoldsmith
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Replace the Honeycomb-specific endpoint and headers in the declarative config guide with a generic OTLP endpoint and api-key header.
The check-links CI resolves new URLs; otlp.example.com is not covered by the existing ignore patterns. Use the apex example.com placeholder, which the check_links_config.json ignore list already matches.
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xrmx
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Description
Adds user-facing documentation for declarative (file-based) configuration of the SDK, scoped to the env-var path for now. Programmatic configuration via the
opentelemetry.sdk.configurationnamespace is held until #5276 lands and will be documented in a follow-up.docs/sdk/configuration.rstcovering:OTEL_CONFIG_FILE+opentelemetry-instrumentopentelemetry-sdk[file-configuration]install extra${VAR},${VAR:-default},$$)OTEL_*variablesdocs/examples/declarative-config/: a schema-1.0otel-config.yaml, a plainapp.pydriven byopentelemetry-instrument, and aREADME.rst.The example YAML was validated against the bundled configuration schema via the loader, and the new pages build with no Sphinx warnings.
Fixes #5308
Part of #3631.
Type of change