[DOC] Publish Doxygen documentation to GitHub Pages

[vortex-wq]

Fixes #3913

Changes

• Enable Doxygen HTML generation (GENERATE_HTML = YES).
• Add a GitHub Actions workflow to build and deploy the generated Doxygen documentation to GitHub Pages.
• Automatically derive the documentation version from CMakeLists.txt and update PROJECT_BRIEF during the workflow.
• Upload the generated HTML as a GitHub Pages artifact and deploy it using GitHub Pages.

Validation

• Verified local Doxygen HTML generation.
• Verified the generated HTML renders correctly in a browser.
• Verified the documentation version is updated automatically from CMakeLists.txt.