Core & Language Fundamentals:

• Python Syntax & Primitive Data Types
• Built-in Functions & Object Methods
• Control Flow & Loops
• File I/O & Exception Handling (try / except / finally)
• List, Dict & Set Comprehensions
• Type Hinting
• Functional Tools (map, filter, lambda, functools)
• Iterators, Generators (yield) & Decorators (@decorator)

Standard Library & Modules:

• Core Utility Modules: math, os, sys, logging, subprocess
• Data Serialization: json, csv, sqlite3
• Regular Expressions (re) & Path Management (pathlib)

Third-Party Libraries & Frameworks:

• Data Science & Analytics: numpy, pandas, matplotlib
• Web Scraping & APIs: requests, BeautifulSoup
• Backend Frameworks: FastAPI or Flask
• Desktop GUI: tkinter

Advanced & Software Engineering:

• Asynchronous Programming (asyncio, async / await)
• Concurrency & Multithreading (threading, multiprocessing)
• Testing & Environment: pytest, Virtual Environments (venv)

C Fundamentals & Low-Level Systems:

• Basic Syntax, Primitive Types & Control Flow
• Pointers, References & Pointer Arithmetic
• Manual Memory Allocation (malloc, calloc, free)
• Structures (struct), Unions & Bit Manipulation
• File Handling in C (fopen, fclose, fprintf)

Modern C++:

• Modern Syntax (auto, Range-based for, Lambdas)
• Modern Containers (std::optional, std::any, std::variant)
• Object-Oriented Programming (Classes, Inheritance, Polymorphism)
• Virtual Functions & Abstract Classes
• Smart Pointers & RAII (std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr, std::weak_ptr)
• Move Semantics & Rvalue References (std::move)
• Templates & Generic Programming (Function/Class Templates, C++20 Concepts)

Data Structures, Algorithms & STL:

• STL Containers (std::vector, std::map, std::unordered_map, std::set)
• STL Adapters & Algorithms (std::stack, std::queue, std::sort, std::binary_search)
• Implementing Custom DSA (Linked Lists, Binary Trees, Graphs, Sorting Algorithms)

Build Tools & Compiler Mechanics:

• Compiler Flags & Toolchains (gcc, g++, -Wall, -O2)
• Build Systems: Makefiles & CMake