Don't let a bracketed comment in a class body drop its superclass

[apiology]

Fixes #1300

An ordinary comment anywhere in a class body could silently remove that
class's superclass:

class Sub < Base
  # [:b, { c: :d }]

  def call_it
    greet   # Unresolved call to greet
  end
end

Every inherited method then reports Unresolved call, including on lines
above the comment, so the reported locations point nowhere near the cause.

parameters_from_inline_rbs regex-scanned the whole class body for #[...],
so any bracketed comment was read as the superclass's inline RBS type
arguments. # [:b, { c: :d }] yields the superclass name Base<:b, { c: :d,
which resolves to nothing.

The annotation is now only read where ruby/rbs's inline
syntax defines it —
directly after the superclass, on the same line, #[ with no space — and a
closing ] is required.

Tightening worth noting: class Foo < Array # [String] (space after the #)
is now an ordinary comment rather than a type annotation.

Also removes a leftover debug logger.warn from
#1173.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

https://claude.ai/code/session_01NtwP1oKRXfJAbPQrPHm5oU