Confine device power to operation-mode power bands

[Flix6x]

Description

Adds support for devices whose power is not free to modulate within [0, P_max], but is confined to a set of power bands — e.g. a device that is either off or running at (or above) some minimum power. Fixes #2113.

Following the S2 standard's FRBC OperationMode terminology, the storage flex-model gains an operation-modes field: a list of signed power ranges (positive is consumption, negative is production). The device must operate within one of the declared ranges at every time step:

"operation-modes": [
    {"power-range": ["0 W", "0 W"]},
    {"power-range": ["883.7 W", "883.7 W"]}
]

In the device_scheduler, this adds one binary variable per device per band per time step (exactly one band active; device power bounded by the active band's range), turning the LP into a MILP when the field is used. Without the field, the model is unchanged.

Motivation / validation

When a control layer (e.g. an S2 CEM/RM pair) receives a fractional schedule for an on/off device, it has to round it — typically up — which can overshoot site capacity limits. In a two-house community co-simulation with on/off heaters, a community-level capacity breach could not be resolved because the scheduler kept planning fractional heater power that was implemented as full-on blocks. With this field, the schedule only contains implementable power values; in that same co-simulation the breach was fully resolved (community peak landed exactly on the inflexible-load floor), with no observed solver slowdown (~10s solves, HiGHS, 96 time steps).

Scope

• New OperationModeSchema + operation-modes field in the storage flex-model schema (documented via the metadata module, so it shows up in the docs table and OpenAPI specs).
• device_power_bands argument on device_scheduler, wired through StorageScheduler._prepare/compute.
• Docs: field documented in the storage flex-model table (with S2 reference) + changelog entry.
• Tests: flexmeasures/data/models/planning/tests/test_operation_modes.py (on/off band, min-power band, and a no-bands sanity check).

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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Documentation build overview

📚 flexmeasures | 🛠️ Build #33533731 | 📁 Comparing babbda9 against latest (922ecf6)

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7 files changed · + 1 added · ± 6 modified

+ Added

• _autodoc/OPERATION_MODES.html

± Modified

• changelog.html
• genindex.html
• _autosummary/flexmeasures.data.models.planning.linear_optimization.html
• _autosummary/flexmeasures.data.schemas.scheduling.storage.html
• api/v3_0.html
• features/scheduling.html