feat(stats)!: add telemetry for per-field cardinality limits V2

[Eldolfin]

What does this PR do?

Send telemetry about per-field cardinality collapses. But unlike #2212, now using a single count metric with all the offending fields in the bucket instead of separate count metrics.

Motivation

What inspired you to submit this pull request?

Additional Notes

Anything else we should know when reviewing?

How to test the change?

Describe here in detail how the change can be validated.

[datadog-datadog-prod-us1-2]

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⚠️ Warnings

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DataDog/apm-reliability/libdatadog | benchmarks 1/2     

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[github-actions]

Clippy Allow Annotation Report

Comparing clippy allow annotations between branches:

• Base Branch: origin/oscarld/stats-per-key-cardinality-limit
• PR Branch: origin/oscarld/stats-per-key-cardinality-limit-telemetry-in-concentrator

Summary by Rule

Rule	Base Branch	PR Branch	Change
unwrap_used	1	1	No change (0%)
Total	1	1	No change (0%)

Annotation Counts by File

File	Base Branch	PR Branch	Change
libdd-trace-stats/src/stats_exporter.rs	1	1	No change (0%)

Annotation Stats by Crate

Crate	Base Branch	PR Branch	Change
clippy-annotation-reporter	5	5	No change (0%)
datadog-ffe-ffi	1	1	No change (0%)
datadog-ipc	22	22	No change (0%)
datadog-live-debugger	4	4	No change (0%)
datadog-live-debugger-ffi	10	10	No change (0%)
datadog-profiling-replayer	4	4	No change (0%)
datadog-sidecar	45	45	No change (0%)
libdd-common	13	13	No change (0%)
libdd-common-ffi	12	12	No change (0%)
libdd-data-pipeline	6	6	No change (0%)
libdd-ddsketch	2	2	No change (0%)
libdd-dogstatsd-client	1	1	No change (0%)
libdd-profiling	13	13	No change (0%)
libdd-remote-config	3	3	No change (0%)
libdd-telemetry	20	20	No change (0%)
libdd-tinybytes	4	4	No change (0%)
libdd-trace-normalization	2	2	No change (0%)
libdd-trace-obfuscation	3	3	No change (0%)
libdd-trace-stats	1	1	No change (0%)
libdd-trace-utils	11	11	No change (0%)
Total	182	182	No change (0%)

About This Report

This report tracks Clippy allow annotations for specific rules, showing how they've changed in this PR. Decreasing the number of these annotations generally improves code quality.

[github-actions]

📚 Documentation Check Results

⚠️ 865 documentation warning(s) found

📦 libdd-trace-stats - 865 warning(s)

---

Updated: 2026-07-10 15:48:11 UTC | Commit: fd21675 | missing-docs job results

[github-actions]

🔒 Cargo Deny Results

⚠️ 2 issue(s) found, showing only errors (advisories, bans, sources)

📦 libdd-trace-stats - 2 error(s)

Show output

error[vulnerability]: Invalid pointer dereference in `fmt::Pointer` impl for `Atomic` and `Shared` when the underlying pointer is invalid
   ┌─ /home/runner/work/libdatadog/libdatadog/Cargo.lock:66:1
   │
66 │ crossbeam-epoch 0.9.18 registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index
   │ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ security vulnerability detected
   │
   ├ ID: RUSTSEC-2026-0204
   ├ Advisory: https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0204
   ├ Affected versions of `fmt::Display` dereference the underlying pointer. This causes a invalid pointer dereference e.g., when a pointer created with `Atomic::null` or `Shared::null`. `fmt::Debug` impls and pre-0.9 `fmt::Display` impls, which do not dereference pointers, are not affected by this issue.
   ├ Announcement: https://github.com/crossbeam-rs/crossbeam/pull/1276
   ├ Solution: Upgrade to >=0.9.20 (try `cargo update -p crossbeam-epoch`)
   ├ crossbeam-epoch v0.9.18
     └── crossbeam-deque v0.8.5
         └── rayon-core v1.12.1
             └── rayon v1.10.0
                 └── criterion v0.5.1
                     ├── libdd-common v5.1.0
                     │   ├── libdd-capabilities-impl v3.0.0
                     │   │   ├── libdd-shared-runtime v2.0.0
                     │   │   │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0
                     │   │   │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0
                     │   │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   │   ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0
                     │   │       ├── libdd-trace-obfuscation v5.0.0
                     │   │       │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   │       ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   │       └── (dev) libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
                     │   ├── libdd-dogstatsd-client v4.0.0
                     │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   ├── libdd-shared-runtime v2.0.0 (*)
                     │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   ├── libdd-trace-obfuscation v5.0.0 (*)
                     │   ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
                     ├── (dev) libdd-ddsketch v1.1.0
                     │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0 (*)
                     │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     ├── (dev) libdd-trace-normalization v3.0.0
                     │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
                     ├── (dev) libdd-trace-obfuscation v5.0.0 (*)
                     ├── (dev) libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
                     └── (dev) libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)

error[unsound]: Rand is unsound with a custom logger using `rand::rng()`
    ┌─ /home/runner/work/libdatadog/libdatadog/Cargo.lock:198:1
    │
198 │ rand 0.8.5 registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index
    │ ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ unsound advisory detected
    │
    ├ ID: RUSTSEC-2026-0097
    ├ Advisory: https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0097
    ├ It has been reported (by @lopopolo) that the `rand` library is [unsound](https://rust-lang.github.io/unsafe-code-guidelines/glossary.html#soundness-of-code--of-a-library) (i.e. that safe code using the public API can cause Undefined Behaviour) when all the following conditions are met:
      
      - The `log` and `thread_rng` features are enabled
      - A [custom logger](https://docs.rs/log/latest/log/#implementing-a-logger) is defined
      - The custom logger accesses `rand::rng()` (previously `rand::thread_rng()`) and calls any `TryRng` (previously `RngCore`) methods on `ThreadRng`
      - The `ThreadRng` (attempts to) reseed while called from the custom logger (this happens every 64 kB of generated data)
      - Trace-level logging is enabled or warn-level logging is enabled and the random source (the `getrandom` crate) is unable to provide a new seed
      
      `TryRng` (previously `RngCore`) methods for `ThreadRng` use `unsafe` code to cast `*mut BlockRng<ReseedingCore>` to `&mut BlockRng<ReseedingCore>`. When all the above conditions are met this results in an aliased mutable reference, violating the Stacked Borrows rules. Miri is able to detect this violation in sample code. Since construction of [aliased mutable references is Undefined Behaviour](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/nomicon/references.html), the behaviour of optimized builds is hard to predict.
    ├ Announcement: https://github.com/rust-random/rand/pull/1763
    ├ Solution: Upgrade to >=0.10.1 OR <0.10.0, >=0.9.3 OR <0.9.0, >=0.8.6 (try `cargo update -p rand`)
    ├ rand v0.8.5
      ├── libdd-common v5.1.0
      │   ├── libdd-capabilities-impl v3.0.0
      │   │   ├── libdd-shared-runtime v2.0.0
      │   │   │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0
      │   │   │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0
      │   │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   │   ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0
      │   │       ├── libdd-trace-obfuscation v5.0.0
      │   │       │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   │       ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   │       └── (dev) libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
      │   ├── libdd-dogstatsd-client v4.0.0
      │   │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   ├── libdd-shared-runtime v2.0.0 (*)
      │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0 (*)
      │   ├── libdd-trace-obfuscation v5.0.0 (*)
      │   ├── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
      ├── (dev) libdd-ddsketch v1.1.0
      │   ├── libdd-telemetry v6.0.0 (*)
      │   └── libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      ├── (dev) libdd-trace-normalization v3.0.0
      │   └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
      ├── (dev) libdd-trace-stats v6.0.0 (*)
      ├── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)
      └── proptest v1.5.0
          └── (dev) libdd-tinybytes v1.1.1
              ├── (dev) libdd-tinybytes v1.1.1 (*)
              └── libdd-trace-utils v9.0.0 (*)

advisories FAILED, bans ok, sources ok

---

Updated: 2026-07-10 15:50:24 UTC | Commit: fd21675 | dependency-check job results