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## Governance architecture

### What is the Arbitrum Foundation? What is its relationship to the Arbitrum DAO? {#what-is-the-arbitrum-foundation-what-is-its-relationship-to-the-arbitrum-dao}
<p>The Arbitrum Foundation is a company that operates in service of — and is governed by — Arbitrum DAO. For details, see <a href="https://docs.arbitrum.foundation/foundational-documents/transparency-report-initial-foundation-setup#1-foundation-governance-directors">transparency report</a>.</p>
### What is the Arbitrum Foundation? What is its relationship to the ArbitrumDAO? {#what-is-the-arbitrum-foundation-what-is-its-relationship-to-the-arbitrum-dao}
<p>The Arbitrum Foundation is a company that operates in service of — and is governed by — ArbitrumDAO. For details, see <a href="https://docs.arbitrum.foundation/foundational-documents/transparency-report-initial-foundation-setup#1-foundation-governance-directors">transparency report</a>.</p>

<p></p>

Expand All @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@


### Who gets the transaction fees on Arbitrum One and Nova? {#who-gets-the-transaction-fees-on-arbitrum-one-and-nova}
<p>On Arbitrum One, all fee profits are collected by the Arbitrum DAO; a portion of fees are sent to the <a href="/dao-glossary#sequencer">Sequencer</a>, but only to refund the Sequencer the price it pays for posting batches on L1.</p>
<p>On Arbitrum One, all fee profits are collected by the ArbitrumDAO; a portion of fees are sent to the <a href="/dao-glossary#sequencer">Sequencer</a>, but only to refund the Sequencer the price it pays for posting batches on L1.</p>

<p></p>

Expand All @@ -27,44 +27,44 @@



### Will there ever be more than the two current Arbitrum DAO governed chains (Arbitrum One and Nova)? {#will-there-ever-be-more-than-the-two-current-arbitrum-dao-governed-chains-arbitrum-one-and-nova}
### Will there ever be more than the two current ArbitrumDAO governed chains (Arbitrum One and Nova)? {#will-there-ever-be-more-than-the-two-current-arbitrum-dao-governed-chains-arbitrum-one-and-nova}
<p>It's up to the DAO; the DAO has license to deploy new governed L2 chains via a core <a href="/dao-glossary#governance-proposal">Governance proposal</a>. </p>

<p></p>



### Why are there there two "governor" contracts, "Core" and "Treasury"? What's the difference? {#why-are-there-there-two-governor-contracts-core-and-treasury-whats-the-difference}
<p>The <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> handles <a href="/dao-glossary#constitutional-aip">Constitutional AIP</a>s; these can modify core, critical parts of the system, and are executed only after a delay, ensuring users have a window to withdraw before they effectuate. The <a href="/dao-glossary#treasury-governor">Treasury Governor</a> handles non-constitutional changes, like distributing funds out of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">Arbitrum DAO Treasury</a>; these are effectuated faster than core governance proposals.</p>
<p>The <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> handles <a href="/dao-glossary#constitutional-aip">Constitutional AIP</a>s; these can modify core, critical parts of the system, and are executed only after a delay, ensuring users have a window to withdraw before they effectuate. The <a href="/dao-glossary#treasury-governor">Treasury Governor</a> handles non-constitutional changes, like distributing funds out of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">ArbitrumDAO Treasury</a>; these are effectuated faster than core governance proposals.</p>



### Why can't the Arbitrum DAO use social forms of governance like Ethereum? Why does L2 governance need to be on-chain? {#why-cant-the-arbitrum-dao-use-social-forms-of-governance-like-ethereum-why-does-l2-governance-need-to-be-onchain}
### Why can't the ArbitrumDAO use social forms of governance like Ethereum? Why does L2 governance need to be on-chain? {#why-cant-the-arbitrum-dao-use-social-forms-of-governance-like-ethereum-why-does-l2-governance-need-to-be-onchain}
<p>Layer 1 chains like Ethereum are ultimately governed by social consensus. L2s like Arbitrum One, by contrast, derive their security from smart contracts on L1; thus, changes to the core system need to made explicitly via on-chain smart contract upgrade. See "<a href="https://docs.arbitrum.foundation/why-governance">Why Governance</a>" for more.</p>

<p></p>



### Where can I find the smart contracts that power Arbitrum DAO's governance mechanisms? {#where-can-i-find-the-smart-contracts-that-power-arbitrum-daos-governance-mechanisms}
### Where can I find the smart contracts that power ArbitrumDAO's governance mechanisms? {#where-can-i-find-the-smart-contracts-that-power-arbitrum-daos-governance-mechanisms}
<p>See <a href="https://github.com/ArbitrumFoundation/governance">here</a> for the codebase and <a href="https://docs.arbitrum.foundation/deployment-addresses">here</a> for the deployment addresses. </p>

<p></p>



### What is the relationship between Orbit chains and the Arbitrum DAO? {#what-is-the-relationship-between-orbit-chains-and-the-arbitrum-dao-}
### What is the relationship between Orbit chains and the ArbitrumDAO? {#what-is-the-relationship-between-orbit-chains-and-the-arbitrum-dao-}
<p><a href="https://docs.arbitrum.io/launch-orbit-chain/orbit-gentle-introduction">Orbit chains</a> are Arbitrum chains that run on Arbitrum Nitro software as <a href="/dao-glossary#child-chain">Child chain</a>s on top of other chains. Orbit chains themselves can be deployed permissionlessly, but should follow the Arbitrum Orbit license.</p>

<p></p>



### What's the difference between on-chain actions and off-chain actions? {#whats-the-difference-between-onchain-actions-and-offchain-actions}
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#onchain-governance-action">On-chain governance action</a>s are actions that are actuated directly by the governance smart contracts of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">Arbitrum DAO</a> as transactions on a blockchain. <a href="/dao-glossary#offchain-governance-action">Off-chain governance action</a>s are actions that are actuated by other means, i.e., updating node software (not smart contracts).</p>
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#onchain-governance-action">On-chain governance action</a>s are actions that are actuated directly by the governance smart contracts of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">ArbitrumDAO</a> as transactions on a blockchain. <a href="/dao-glossary#offchain-governance-action">Off-chain governance action</a>s are actions that are actuated by other means, i.e., updating node software (not smart contracts).</p>

### What does it mean for an ARB voter to "exclude" their votes? Why is this functionality beneficial? {#what-does-it-mean-for-an-arb-voter-to-exclude-their-votes-why-is-this-functionality-beneficial--}
<p>An $ARB holder can exclude their votes by delegating to a special exclude address (<a href="https://arbiscan.io/address/0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a4b86">0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a4b86</a>). This means their tokens' votes won't count in the denominator for <a href="/dao-glossary#quorum">Quorum</a> calculation (5% of votable tokens for the <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a>, 3% for the <a href="/dao-glossary#treasury-governor">Treasury Governor</a>). This is useful to prevent "artificially" inflating the quorum requirement for token holder that can't or don't plan on voting. The primary user case for the exclude address is the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">Arbitrum DAO Treasury</a>, which is currently the largest single holder of $ARB and is delegated to the exclude address, but any address capable of delegating can opt to delegate to the exclude address as well.</p>
<p>An $ARB holder can exclude their votes by delegating to a special exclude address (<a href="https://arbiscan.io/address/0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a4b86">0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a4b86</a>). This means their tokens' votes won't count in the denominator for the qualification threshold in the Nominee Selection phase of the Security Council elections. This is useful to prevent "artificially" inflating the quorum requirement for token holder that can't or don't plan on voting. The primary user case for the exclude address is the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">ArbitrumDAO Treasury</a>, which is currently the largest single holder of $ARB and is delegated to the exclude address, but any address capable of delegating can opt to delegate to the exclude address as well.</p>

<p></p>

Expand All @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@


### What happened to all of the $ARB tokens that didn't get claimed in the airdrop? {#what-happened-to-all-of-the-arb-tokens-that-didnt-get-claimed-in-the-airdrop}
<p>After the end of the airdrop, unclaimed $ARB tokens were sent to the DAO; i.e., they were <a href="https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xa2477f2f1d7824501520a88b50835ad283e7472e0fa5e67005452528bf740175">transferred</a> to the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">Arbitrum DAO Treasury</a>. </p>
<p>After the end of the airdrop, unclaimed $ARB tokens were sent to the DAO; i.e., they were <a href="https://arbiscan.io/tx/0xa2477f2f1d7824501520a88b50835ad283e7472e0fa5e67005452528bf740175">transferred</a> to the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">ArbitrumDAO Treasury</a>. </p>

<p></p>

Expand All @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
<p><a href="https://docs.arbitrum.foundation/airdrop-eligibility-distribution">Here.</a></p>

### What purpose does the $ARB token serve? {#what-purpose-does-the-arb-token-serve}
<p>The <a href="/dao-glossary#arb">$ARB</a> token is the governance token of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">Arbitrum DAO</a>. Holders of $ARB can vote (or <a href="/dao-glossary#delegate">Delegate</a> their votes to others) on-chain to enact changes to the <a href="/dao-glossary#daogoverned-chains"><strong>DAO-governed chains</strong></a>, distribute funds from the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">Arbitrum DAO Treasury</a>, elect new members of the <a href="/dao-glossary#security-council">Security Council</a>, and more. </p>
<p>The <a href="/dao-glossary#arb">$ARB</a> token is the governance token of the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">ArbitrumDAO</a>. Holders of $ARB can vote (or <a href="/dao-glossary#delegate">Delegate</a> their votes to others) on-chain to enact changes to the <a href="/dao-glossary#daogoverned-chains"><strong>DAO-governed chains</strong></a>, distribute funds from the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-treasury">ArbitrumDAO Treasury</a>, elect new members of the <a href="/dao-glossary#security-council">Security Council</a>, and more. </p>

### When we say that $ARB is native to the Arbitrum One chain, what does "native" mean? {#when-we-say-that-arb-is-native-to-the-arbitrum-one-chain-what-does-native-mean}
<p>"Native" here means that the $ARB token contract on <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-one">Arbitrum One</a> is the canonical one; this means that supply in the Arbitrum One $ARB contract always represents the total circulating supply. Generally, the experience of bridging or otherwise interacting with $ARB will, from a user perspective, be similar to the UX of using an L1-native token bridged to Arbitrum. </p>
Expand All @@ -123,11 +123,11 @@


### What's the difference between Security Council Emergency Actions and Non-Emergency Actions? {#whats-the-difference-between-security-council-emergency-actions-and-nonemergency-actions}
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#emergency-action">Emergency action</a>s are actions taken by the <a href="/dao-glossary#security-council">Security Council</a> in response to a security emergency, such as a critical vulnerability that could significantly compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of a chain governed by the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">Arbitrum DAO</a>. They require 9 of the 12 Security Council members to sign, and the are executed immediately. At the appropriate time, emergency actions are to be followed by a <a href="/dao-glossary#transparency-report">Transparency report</a>. </p>
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#emergency-action">Emergency action</a>s are actions taken by the <a href="/dao-glossary#security-council">Security Council</a> in response to a security emergency, such as a critical vulnerability that could significantly compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of a chain governed by the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao">ArbitrumDAO</a>. They require 9 of the 12 Security Council members to sign, and the are executed immediately. At the appropriate time, emergency actions are to be followed by a <a href="/dao-glossary#transparency-report">Transparency report</a>. </p>

<p></p>

<p> <a href="/dao-glossary#nonemergency-action">Non-emergency action</a>s are routine actions taken by the Security Council, such as software upgrades and maintenance. They require signatures from 9 of 12 Security Council members. They take effect after a delay of at least 13 days, ensuring users can withdraw their funds prior to execution.</p>
<p> <a href="/dao-glossary#nonemergency-action">Non-emergency action</a>s are routine actions taken by the Security Council, such as software upgrades and maintenance. They require signatures from 9 of 12 Security Council members. They take effect after a delay of at least 18 days, ensuring users can withdraw their funds prior to execution.</p>

<p>Information about non-emergency actions is to be provided by the Security Council prior to the action being submitted on chain.</p>

Expand All @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
## Governance proposals

### How are AIPs created and voted on? {#how-are-aips-created-and-voted-on}
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-improvement-proposal-aip">Arbitrum Improvement Proposal (AIP)</a>s are created by suggesting them on the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-governance-forum">Arbitrum DAO governance forum</a> and discussing/debating them for 1 week. AIPs should be accompanied by a <a href="/dao-glossary#snapshot-poll">Snapshot poll</a>, which can only be submitted by an address that can vote at least 0.01% of the <a href="/dao-glossary#votable-tokens">Votable tokens</a>. If an AIP receives sufficient support, it moves on to a voting process, where holders of votable tokens (or the delegates that those holders have delegated their tokens' voting power to) can formally vote on the proposal.</p>
<p><a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-improvement-proposal-aip">Arbitrum Improvement Proposal (AIP)</a>s are created by suggesting them on the <a href="/dao-glossary#arbitrum-dao-governance-forum">ArbitrumDAO governance forum</a> and discussing/debating them for 1 week. AIPs should be accompanied by an <a href="/dao-glossary#offchain-governance-ui">off-chain vote</a>, e.g. a temperature check on Snapshot, which can only be submitted by an address with at least 500,000 <a href="/dao-glossary#votable-tokens">Votable tokens</a>. If an AIP receives sufficient support at this stage, it moves on to an on-chain voting process, where holders of votable tokens (or the delegates that those holders have delegated their tokens' voting power to) can formally vote on the proposal.</p>

### What are the requirements for submitting a proposal? {#what-are-the-requirements-for-submitting-a-proposal}
<p>Proposal can be submitted by a <a href="/dao-glossary#delegate">Delegate</a> who meets the proposal threshold of 1 million votes; this requirement exists to mitigate spam.</p>
Expand All @@ -157,12 +157,13 @@


### What determines the "quorum" (minimum votes required) for a governance proposal? {#what-determines-the-quorum-minimum-votes-required-for-a-governance-proposal}
<p>A <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> requires participation of 5% of the votable tokens; the <a href="/dao-glossary#treasury-governor">Treasury Governor</a> requires 3%. "Votable tokens" here refers to the total $ARB supply, excluding tokens delegated to the <a href="/dao-glossary#exclude-address">Exclude Address</a>. </p>
<p>A proposal submitted to the <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> contract requires 50% of delegated tokens to vote ‘For’ and/or ‘Abstain’ (within the range of 150m to 450m $ARB); and one submitted to the <a href="/dao-glossary#treasury-governor">Treasury Governor</a> requires 40% of delegated tokens tokens (within the range of 100m to 300m $ARB) to vote ‘For’ and/or ‘Abstain’. "Delegated tokens" represents the total amount of $ARB participating in governance and available for voting.
</p>



### Why is there a delay between a proposal "passing" (getting enough votes) and actually taking effect? Why can't it take effect right away? {#why-is-there-a-delay-between-a-proposal-passing-getting-enough-votes-and-actually-taking-effect-why-cant-it-take-effect-right-away-}
<p>For <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> proposals, the delay (at least 13 days) after the voting period end exists to ensure that even after a proposal passes, users have an opportunity to withdraw their funds before the proposal takes effect.</p>
<p>For <a href="/dao-glossary#core-governor">Core Governor</a> proposals, the delay (at least 18 days) after the voting period ends exists to ensure that even after a proposal passes, users have an opportunity to withdraw their funds before the proposal takes effect.</p>

<p></p>

Expand All @@ -175,28 +176,28 @@



### Where can I see a list of all Arbitrum DAO governance proposals? {#where-can-i-see-a-list-of-all-arbitrum-dao-governance-proposals}
<p>Visit the Tally governance page! <br />
<a href="https://www.tally.xyz/gov/arbitrum">https://www.tally.xyz/gov/arbitrum</a></p>
### Where can I see a list of all ArbitrumDAO governance proposals? {#where-can-i-see-a-list-of-all-arbitrum-dao-governance-proposals}
<p>Visit the on-chain governance UI!<br />
<a href="https://alt.gov.arbitrum.foundation/proposals">https://alt.gov.arbitrum.foundation/proposals</a></p>

## Delegation

### Are there any monetary incentives for being a delegate? {#are-there-any-monetary-incentives-for-being-a-delegate}
<p>Nope, just the great feeling of representing the Arbitrum DAO. 😊</p>
<p>Generally no, but it depends. It’s worth checking whether there is an active Delegate Incentive Program being run by the DAO, and whether you would qualify.</p>

### How do I assign my voting power to a delegate? {#how-do-i-assign-my-voting-power-to-a-delegate}
<p>Visit <a href="https://www.tally.xyz/gov/arbitrum/delegates">this page</a>, find the delegate you want to have to represent you, and follow the prompts! <a href="https://forum.arbitrum.io/login">https://forum.arbitrum.io/login</a></p>
<p>Visit <a href="https://alt.gov.arbitrum.foundation/delegates/my-delegation">this page</a>, find the delegate you want to have represent you, and follow the prompts!

### What are the requirements for being a delegate? {#what-are-the-requirements-for-being-a-delegate}
<p>There are none (technically)! You just have to own <a href="/dao-glossary#arb">$ARB</a> and/or appeal to the community on why they should choose you to represent them when voting on proposals in governance.</p>

### How do I become a delegate? {#how-do-i-become-a-delegate}
<p>An Arbitrum DAO delegate is anyone to whom an <a href="/dao-glossary#arb">$ARB</a> holder has delegated votes. So to become a delegate, you can either get an $ARB holder to delegate their votes to you, or, if you hold $ARB, you can delegate votes to yourself. </p>
<p>An ArbitrumDAO delegate is anyone to whom an <a href="/dao-glossary#arb">$ARB</a> holder has delegated votes. So to become a delegate, you can either get an $ARB holder to delegate their votes to you, or, if you hold $ARB, you can delegate votes to yourself. </p>



### Can I delegate my voting power to more than one delegate? {#can-i-delegate-my-voting-power-to-more-than-one-delegate}
<p>Yes; voting power can be split between any number of delegates.</p>
<p>No; each address can delegate its voting power to one delegate.</p>