diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f8b4bb61..d0850fb5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- [SIL.LCModel] Deleting a duplicated phonological rule no longer deletes pooled feature constraints and environment contexts the original rule still references (LT-22575)
 - [SIL.LCModel] Fixed crash when bulk deleting entries involved in a lexical relation (LT-21598)
 - [SIL.LCModel.FixData] Find and Fix removes duplicate Targets from a LexReference (and deletes it if fewer than two distinct Targets remain) (LT-21598)
 - [SIL.LCModel] Data migration now serializes dates using the culture-neutral `ToLCMTimeFormatWithMillisString` (LT-20698)
diff --git a/src/SIL.LCModel/DomainImpl/OverridesLing_Lex.cs b/src/SIL.LCModel/DomainImpl/OverridesLing_Lex.cs
index 7ef2899f..1a57a9e7 100644
--- a/src/SIL.LCModel/DomainImpl/OverridesLing_Lex.cs
+++ b/src/SIL.LCModel/DomainImpl/OverridesLing_Lex.cs
@@ -7635,7 +7635,11 @@ protected override void OnBeforeObjectDeleted()
 		{
 			base.OnBeforeObjectDeleted();
 			foreach (var constr in FeatureConstraints)
-				m_cache.LanguageProject.PhonologicalDataOA.FeatConstraintsOS.Remove(constr);
+			{
+				// GC the pooled constraint unless a duplicate rule or a process still references it (LT-22575).
+				if (constr.ReferringObjects.All(o => o is IPhSimpleContextNC ctxt && ctxt.Rule == this))
+					m_cache.LanguageProject.PhonologicalDataOA.FeatConstraintsOS.Remove(constr);
+			}
 		}
 
 		protected override void RemoveObjectSideEffectsInternal(RemoveObjectEventArgs e)
@@ -7646,10 +7650,10 @@ protected override void RemoveObjectSideEffectsInternal(RemoveObjectEventArgs e)
 				var removedCtxt = e.ObjectRemoved as IPhSimpleContextNC;
 				if (removedCtxt != null)
 				{
-					var featConstrs = GetFeatureConstraintsExcept(removedCtxt);
 					foreach (var constr in removedCtxt.PlusConstrRS.ToList())
 					{
-						if (!featConstrs.Contains(constr))
+						// GC the pooled constraint only if removedCtxt is its last referrer (LT-22575).
+						if (constr.ReferringObjects.All(o => o == removedCtxt))
 						{
 							// Remove constr from removedCtxt first to avoid deleting removedCtxt twice (fixes LT-21729).
 							removedCtxt.PlusConstrRS.Remove(constr);
@@ -7658,7 +7662,7 @@ protected override void RemoveObjectSideEffectsInternal(RemoveObjectEventArgs e)
 					}
 					foreach (var constr in removedCtxt.MinusConstrRS.ToList())
 					{
-						if (!featConstrs.Contains(constr))
+						if (constr.ReferringObjects.All(o => o == removedCtxt))
 						{
 							// Remove constr from removedCtxt first to avoid deleting removedCtxt twice.
 							removedCtxt.MinusConstrRS.Remove(constr);
@@ -8201,7 +8205,8 @@ protected override void SetDefaultValuesAfterInit()
 		protected override void OnBeforeObjectDeleted()
 		{
 			base.OnBeforeObjectDeleted();
-			if (MemberRA != null)
+			// GC the pooled member only if this context is its last referrer (LT-22575).
+			if (MemberRA != null && MemberRA.ReferringObjects.All(o => o == this))
 				m_cache.LanguageProject.PhonologicalDataOA.ContextsOS.Remove(MemberRA);
 		}
 	}
@@ -8212,7 +8217,11 @@ protected override void OnBeforeObjectDeleted()
 		{
 			base.OnBeforeObjectDeleted();
 			foreach (var ctxt in MembersRS.ToArray())
-				m_cache.LanguageProject.PhonologicalDataOA.ContextsOS.Remove(ctxt);
+			{
+				// GC the pooled member only if this sequence is its last referrer (LT-22575).
+				if (ctxt.ReferringObjects.All(o => o == this))
+					m_cache.LanguageProject.PhonologicalDataOA.ContextsOS.Remove(ctxt);
+			}
 		}
 
 		protected override void RemoveObjectSideEffectsInternal(RemoveObjectEventArgs e)
diff --git a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainImpl/LingTests.cs b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainImpl/LingTests.cs
index 94964aaf..c5a08872 100644
--- a/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainImpl/LingTests.cs
+++ b/tests/SIL.LCModel.Tests/DomainImpl/LingTests.cs
@@ -147,6 +147,149 @@ public void MoAffixProcessFeatureConstraints()
 			Assert.That(featureConstrs, Has.Count.EqualTo(3));
 		}
 
+		/// <summary>
+		/// LT-22575: feature constraints are owned by the PhPhonData.FeatConstraintsOS pool and only
+		/// referenced by rule contexts, so CopyObject hands a duplicate references to the original's
+		/// constraints, not copies. The rule's delete-time GC must skip constraints with outside referrers.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void DuplicateRegularRule_DeletingCloneDoesNotDeleteOriginalsFeatureConstraints()
+		{
+			var phData = Cache.LangProject.PhonologicalDataOA;
+
+			// Build a regular rule whose structural description contains a natural-class context that
+			// uses an alpha variable (a PhFeatureConstraint).
+			var rule = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhRegularRuleFactory>().Create();
+			phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(rule);
+			var ctxt = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			rule.StrucDescOS.Add(ctxt);
+			var featConstr = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhFeatureConstraintFactory>().Create();
+			phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Add(featConstr);
+			ctxt.PlusConstrRS.Add(featConstr);
+
+			Assert.That(rule.FeatureConstraints.Count(), Is.EqualTo(1), "original rule should have one feature constraint");
+			Assert.That(phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+
+			// Duplicate the rule the same way the UI does (this drives PhRegularRule.SetCloneProperties).
+			var clone = (IPhRegularRule)CopyObject<IPhSegmentRule>.CloneLcmObject(rule, x => phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(x));
+			Assert.That(phData.PhonRulesOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(2), "clone should have been created");
+
+			// Delete the clone.
+			Cache.DomainDataByFlid.DeleteObj(clone.Hvo);
+
+			// The original rule must be completely unaffected by deleting its clone.
+			Assert.That(rule.IsValidObject, Is.True, "original rule should still exist");
+			Assert.That(rule.StrucDescOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(1), "original rule should still have its context");
+			Assert.That(rule.FeatureConstraints.Count(), Is.EqualTo(1),
+				"deleting the cloned rule must not remove the original rule's feature constraint");
+			Assert.That(rule.FeatureConstraints.First().IsValidObject, Is.True,
+				"the original rule's feature constraint must still be a valid object");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// LT-22575: one alpha variable referenced from both a StrucDesc (plus) and an RHS StrucChange
+		/// (minus) context, shared with the duplicate rather than copied. Deletes the original first to
+		/// prove survival follows remaining referrers, then checks the pool empties (GC still completes).
+		/// </summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void DuplicateRegularRule_SharedConstraintSurvivesUntilLastRuleDeleted()
+		{
+			var phData = Cache.LangProject.PhonologicalDataOA;
+
+			var rule = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhRegularRuleFactory>().Create();
+			phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(rule);
+
+			// One alpha variable used in two owned contexts: StrucDesc (plus) and RHS StrucChange (minus).
+			var constr = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhFeatureConstraintFactory>().Create();
+			phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Add(constr);
+			var descCtxt = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			rule.StrucDescOS.Add(descCtxt);
+			descCtxt.PlusConstrRS.Add(constr);
+			var changeCtxt = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			rule.RightHandSidesOS[0].StrucChangeOS.Add(changeCtxt);
+			changeCtxt.MinusConstrRS.Add(constr);
+
+			var clone = (IPhRegularRule)CopyObject<IPhSegmentRule>.CloneLcmObject(rule, x => phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(x));
+
+			// The clone references the same pooled constraint; no copies are made.
+			Assert.That(clone.FeatureConstraints.Single(), Is.EqualTo(constr));
+			Assert.That(phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+
+			// Deleting the original must leave the shared constraint for the clone.
+			Cache.DomainDataByFlid.DeleteObj(rule.Hvo);
+			Assert.That(constr.IsValidObject, Is.True, "constraint is still referenced by the clone");
+			Assert.That(clone.FeatureConstraints.Single(), Is.EqualTo(constr));
+
+			// Deleting the last rule that uses it removes it from the pool.
+			Cache.DomainDataByFlid.DeleteObj(clone.Hvo);
+			Assert.That(phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(0), "last referrer gone, constraint should be GCed");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// LT-22575: covers the edit path (RemoveObjectSideEffectsInternal on StrucDesc removal), which
+		/// previously GCed a constraint unused elsewhere in the same rule even when a duplicate used it.
+		/// The last-referrer check must span all rules, and still GC once no referrer remains.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void DuplicateRegularRule_RemovingContextKeepsConstraintUsedByClone()
+		{
+			var phData = Cache.LangProject.PhonologicalDataOA;
+
+			var rule = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhRegularRuleFactory>().Create();
+			phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(rule);
+			var ctxt = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			rule.StrucDescOS.Add(ctxt);
+			var constr = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhFeatureConstraintFactory>().Create();
+			phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Add(constr);
+			ctxt.PlusConstrRS.Add(constr);
+
+			var clone = (IPhRegularRule)CopyObject<IPhSegmentRule>.CloneLcmObject(rule, x => phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(x));
+
+			// Editing the original: removing its context must not GC the constraint the clone still uses.
+			rule.StrucDescOS.Remove(ctxt);
+			Assert.That(constr.IsValidObject, Is.True, "constraint is still referenced by the clone");
+			Assert.That(clone.FeatureConstraints.Single(), Is.EqualTo(constr));
+
+			// Removing the clone's context too leaves no referrers, so the constraint is GCed.
+			clone.StrucDescOS.Remove(clone.StrucDescOS[0]);
+			Assert.That(phData.FeatConstraintsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// LT-22575: sequence-environment members live in PhPhonData.ContextsOS and are held only by
+		/// reference (MembersRS), so both rules share them. Unguarded GC deleted them, emptying the
+		/// original's sequence, which then nulled the RHS LeftContextOA — silently wiping the environment.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void DuplicateRegularRule_DeletingCloneKeepsSharedEnvironmentMembers()
+		{
+			var phData = Cache.LangProject.PhonologicalDataOA;
+
+			var rule = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhRegularRuleFactory>().Create();
+			phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(rule);
+			var rhs = rule.RightHandSidesOS[0];
+			var seqCtxt = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSequenceContextFactory>().Create();
+			rhs.LeftContextOA = seqCtxt;
+			var member1 = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			phData.ContextsOS.Add(member1);
+			seqCtxt.MembersRS.Add(member1);
+			var member2 = Cache.ServiceLocator.GetInstance<IPhSimpleContextNCFactory>().Create();
+			phData.ContextsOS.Add(member2);
+			seqCtxt.MembersRS.Add(member2);
+
+			var clone = (IPhRegularRule)CopyObject<IPhSegmentRule>.CloneLcmObject(rule, x => phData.PhonRulesOS.Add(x));
+
+			// Deleting the duplicate must leave the original's environment intact.
+			Cache.DomainDataByFlid.DeleteObj(clone.Hvo);
+			Assert.That(rhs.LeftContextOA, Is.EqualTo(seqCtxt), "original environment should survive");
+			Assert.That(seqCtxt.MembersRS.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+			Assert.That(phData.ContextsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+
+			// Deleting the original GCs the pooled members.
+			Cache.DomainDataByFlid.DeleteObj(rule.Hvo);
+			Assert.That(phData.ContextsOS.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+		}
+
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Trivial test that a newly created InflAffixTemplate has the Final property set to true.
 		/// </summary>