diff --git a/lib/internal/webstreams/adapters.js b/lib/internal/webstreams/adapters.js
index 42e1221bb30..edec59b3fe7 100644
--- a/lib/internal/webstreams/adapters.js
+++ b/lib/internal/webstreams/adapters.js
@@ -541,6 +541,7 @@ function newReadableStreamFromStreamReadable(streamReadable, options = kEmptyObj
     streamReadable.pause();
 
     streamReadable.on('data', function onData(chunk) {
+      if (wasCanceled) return;
       // Copy the Buffer to detach it from the pool.
       if (Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) && !objectMode)
         chunk = new Uint8Array(chunk);
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-stream-readable-to-web-termination.js b/test/parallel/test-stream-readable-to-web-termination.js
index f30cf721e14..8a15fa3f5fd 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-stream-readable-to-web-termination.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-stream-readable-to-web-termination.js
@@ -42,3 +42,25 @@ const { setTimeout: delay } = require('timers/promises');
     assert.deepStrictEqual(closeResult, { value: undefined, done: true });
   })().then(common.mustCall());
 }
+
+// Cancelling a web ReadableStream while the underlying Readable is actively
+// producing data should not throw ERR_INVALID_STATE. The 'data' handler in
+// newReadableStreamFromStreamReadable must check wasCanceled before calling
+// controller.enqueue(). See: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/54205
+{
+  const readable = new Readable({
+    read() {
+      this.push(Buffer.alloc(1024));
+    },
+  });
+
+  const webStream = Readable.toWeb(readable);
+  const reader = webStream.getReader();
+
+  (async () => {
+    await reader.read();
+    await reader.read();
+    reader.releaseLock();
+    await webStream.cancel();
+  })().then(common.mustCall());
+}